Criminal aggression by the USA and Israel against Iran: Call for De-escalation, Respect for International Law and Preservation of Global Stability

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La’o Hamutuk expresses our deep concern about the intensification of military conflict in the Middle East involving Israel, the United States and Iran. This evolution, according to available public information and analysis under international law, has exacerbated the regional and global security situation, and had serious humanitarian and economic impacts. The U.S. attack on Iran is a crime, a violation of international law, a violation of the UN charter and against the United States’ own Constitution.

This conflict once again represents a violation of the rules-based international order and the integrity of the collective security system under the United Nations Charter. International law must be applied with coherence, impartiality and consistency to all parties, regardless of political alliances or strategic interests.

Timor-Leste, as a country that benefited from international law and solidarity and the multilateral system in its process of gaining sovereignty and building a state, has a moral and historical responsibility to defend the international order based on law, equal sovereignty and the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

International Legal Obligations and Limitations on the Use of Force

According to Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter, states have an obligation not to threaten or use force against the territorial integrity or political independence of other states. This principle is a fundamental pillar of international stability and security.

Article 51 of the United Nations Charter recognizes the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense in the event of an armed attack. However, the exercise of this right must strictly respect the principles of necessity and proportionality, and requires objective justification, sufficient evidence and transparency.

Article 8bis of the Rome Statute defines the crime of Aggression as “the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations."

Actions that violate boundaries set in international law weaken the collective security system and create a dangerous precedent for legitimizing the use of unilateral force.

International Humanitarian Law and Civil Protection

As a result of this attack, more than 500 people in Iran have lost their lives, as well as other people in Israel, U.S. military forces, and elsewhere in the region. Enough!

All parties have an obligation to respect International Humanitarian Law, including:

• Strict distinction between military targets and civilian populations and objects;

• Strict respect for the principle of proportionality;

• Adoption of effective preventive measures to reduce risks of harming the civilian population and essential infrastructure.

Civilian protection as an obligation to security and human dignity must be placed at the center of political and military considerations. Violations of these norms can lead to international irresponsibility and undermine the credibility of the global order.

Multilateralism and Collective Responsibility

The United Nations system is key to preventing conflict escalation and promoting diplomatic solutions. Strengthening multilateral diplomacy and respect for the United Nations Charter are the foundations of global security.

Weakening the multilateral system leads to international legal uncertainty and increases the risk of systemic confrontation between powers. A small country like Timor-Leste is more reliant on the rules-based international order and the protection of equal sovereignty.

La’o Hamutuk recommends:

1.  All parties, especially the U.S. and Israel, to immediately cease military operations and reduce tensions;
   
   
2. To return to good faith diplomatic dialogue, mediated by multilateral mechanisms;
   
   
3. To fully respect the United Nations Charter, the Rome Statute and international humanitarian law;
   
   
4.  For the Government of Timor-Leste to reaffirm its principal pro-peace and pro-international law positions, and prepare preventive measures to protect the population from global economic impacts.

Global peace and security cannot be built through military intensification. Force must not replace law. A rules-based international order is a fundamental guarantee of global stability and the protection of small nations.

La’o Hamutuk reaffirms that diplomacy, dialogue and justice are the foundation for sustainable solutions and the preservation of human dignity.

Agresaun kriminál husi Estadus Unidus Amerika no Izraél kontra Iraun: Apelu De-eskalasaun, Respeitu ba Lei Internasionál no Preservasaun Estabilidade Global

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La’o Hamutuk manifesta preokupasaun profunda kona-ba intensifikasaun konflitu militár iha Médiu Oriente ne’ebé envolve Izraél, Estadus Unidus no Iraun. Evolusaun ida ne’e, tuir informasaun publika disponivel no análize normativu tuir lei internasionál, hamosu agravamentu situasaun seguransa rejionál no global, no impaktu umanitáriu no ekonómiku ne’ebé sériu. EUA nian atake ba Iraun nudár krime, violasaun kontra lei internasionál, viola karta ONU no kontra rasik Konstituisaun EUA.

Konflitu ida ne’e dala ida tan reprezenta violasaun ba orden internasionál ne’ebé bazeadu ba regra sira no ba integridade sistema seguransa koletivu tuir Karta Nasoins Unidas. Lei internasionál tenke aplika ho koerénsia, imparsialidade no konsisténsia ba parte hotu, independentemente husi aliansa polítika ka interese estratéjiku.

Timor-Leste, hanesan nasaun ne’ebé hetan benefísiu husi lei no solidariedade internasionál no sistema multilaterál iha ninian prosesu manán soberania no konstrui estadu, iha responsabilidade moral no istórika atu defende orden internasionál ne’ebé bazeadu ba lei, soberania iguál no rezolusaun pasífiku konflitu sira.

Obrigatoriedade Lei Internasionál no Limitasaun Uza Forsa

Tuir Artigu 2(4) Karta Nasoins Unidas, estadu sira iha obrigasaun atu la uza ameasa ka uza forsa kontra integridade territorial ka independénsia polítika Estadu rai seluk. Prinsípiu ida ne’e mak pilar fundamental ba estabilidade no seguransa internasionál.

Artigu 51 Karta Nasoins Unidas rekoñese direitu naturál autodefeza individual ka koletiva bainhira atake armadu akontese. Maibé, ezersísiu direitu ne’e tenke respeita estritamente prinsípiu nesesidade no proporsionalidade, no presiza iha fundamentasaun objetiva, prova sufisiente no transparénsia.

Artigu 8bis Estatutu Roma define krime Agresaun “the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations."

Interpretasaun ne’ebé ultrapasa limite jurídiku ne’ebé iha lei internasionál bele halo fraku sistema seguransa koletivu no hamosu presedente perigozu ba lejítimasaun uza forsa unilaterál.

Direitu Internasionál Umanitáriu no Protesaun Sivíl

Hanesan konsekuénsia atake ida ne’e, liu ema na’in 500 iha Iraun lakon ona sira nia moris, no ema balu iha Izraél, forsa militár EUA nian, no rai seluk iha rejiaun. Chega!

Parte hotu iha obrigasaun atu respeita Direitu Internasionál Umanitáriu, inklui:

• Distinsaun estrita entre alvu militár no populasaun sivíl no objetu sivíl;
  
  
• Respeitu rigorozu ba prinsípiu proporsionalidade;
  
  
• Adosaun medida preventiva ne’ebé efetiva hodi hamenus risku ba populasaun sivíl no infraestrutura esensiál.

Protesaun sivíl sira nudár obrigasaun ba seguransa no dignidade umana tenke tau iha sentru konsiderasaun polítika no militár. Violasaun norma sira ne’e bele hamosu irresponsabilidade internasionál no halo kredibilidade orden global.

Multilateralizmu no Responsabilidade Koletiva

Sistema Nasoins Unidas iha papél sentrál atu prevene agravamentu konflitu no promove solusaun diplomátiku. Fortalesimentu diplomasia multilaterál no respeitu ba Karta Nasoins Unidas mak fundamentu ba seguransa globál.

Enfrakezimentu sistema multilaterál bele hamosu inseguransa jurídika internasionál no aumenta risku konfrontasaun sistémiku entre poténsia sira. Nasaun ki’ik hanesan Timor-Leste depende maka’as liu ba orden internasionál ne’ebé bazeadu ba regra no ba protesaun soberania iguál.

La’o Hamutuk Rekomenda ba;

1. Parte hotu liu-liu EUA no Izraél atu imediatamente hapara operasaun militár no hamenus tensaun;
   
   
2. Atu retornu diálogu diplomátiku ho boa fé no mediadu husi mekanizmu multilaterál;
   
   
3. Atu respeita integralmente Karta Nasoins Unidas, Estatutu Roma no Direitu Internasionál Umanitáriu;
   
   
4. Ba Governu Timor-Leste atu reafirma ninian pozisaun prinsipál pro-pás no pro-lei internasionál, no prepara medida preventiva hodi proteje populasaun husi impaktu ekonómiku global.

Paz no seguransa global la bele konstrui liu husi intensifikasaun militár. Forsa la bele substitui lei. Orden internasionál ne’ebé bazeadu ba regra sira mak garantia fundamental ba estabilidade global no protesaun ba nasaun ki’ik.

La’o Hamutuk reafirma katak diplomasia, diálogu no justisa mak fundamentu ba solusaun sustentavel no preservasaun dignidade umana.