23 July 2026

Komunidade Sagadate Rejeita Programa Peskiza Estrella Resources iha Rai Kultura no Rai Lisan

La’o Hamutuk hala’o monitorizasaun ba konsultasaun públika ne’ebé kompañia Estrella Resources (ESR) no Murak Rai Timor (MRT) organiza iha Suku Sagadate, Postu Administrativu Laga, Munisípiu Baucau. Enkontru ida ne’e aprezenta planu peskiza no perfurasaun minerál iha área lisensa esplorasaun ANM (MEL2023/2024).

Maibé, rezultadu husi enkontru ne’e hatudu klaru katak komunidade lokál la simu proposta ne’e. Liuliu, komunidade husi Aldeia Alasafa no Aldeia Onebuu, ne’ebé sai hanesan área prinsipál afetada, rejeita atu bele kontinua atividade peskiza no perfurasaun iha sira nian rai.

Razaun husi rejeisaun ne’e mak: rai sira ne’e la’ós de’it espasu ba moris, maibé mós rai kultura no lisan, ho fatin sagradu hanesan iha Rate Antigu Lulik, Fatin Lulik, semitériu, no bee matan ne’ebé suporta sira nian moris no agrikultura. Komunidade hato’o ho firmeza katak sira sei defende rai ne’ebé simu husi bei’ala sira no la prontu atu troka identidade kulturál ho atividade mineiru ne’ebé bele hetan impaktu ambientál no sosiál ne’ebé grave.

Durante enkontru, kompañia husu apoiu husi komunidade atu fleksibiliza espasu ne’ebé disponivel hodi hala’o peskiza. Maibé, to’o enkontru remata, la iha aseitasaun ruma atu kontinua atividade ne’e. Komunidade hatudu ona sira nian pozisaun, no kompañia dehan katak sei mai fali iha futuru atu kontinua halo aproximasaun.

La’o Hamutuk apoia direitu komunidade atu rejeita projetu ne’ebé ameasa sira nian kultura, natureza, no sistema moris lokál. Ami rekoñese nesesidade dezenvolvimentu no apoiu maneira dezenvolvimentu ne’ebé produtivu, renovavel no sustentavel, la’ós kontinua halo peskiza no produsaun ba rekursu estrativa ne’ebé bele husik venenu tóksiku ba, rai, bee, anin, ambiente, saúde públiku inklui risku sosiál no ekonómiku.

La’o Hamutuk husu ba Autoridade Nasionál Minerál (ANM) no Governu atu respeita prinsípiu Konsentimentu Livre, Previa no Informadu (FPIC), no tenke rekoñese pozisaun komunidade Alasafa no Onebuu. Ami mós husu ba Estrella Resources atu respeita vontade komunidade nian atu la kontinua projetu ida ne’ebé komunidade rasik la simu. Dezenvolvimentu ida ne’ebé di’ak tenke bazeia ba konsentimentu komunidade, la’ós presaun husi li’ur.

La’o Hamutuk sei kontinua monitoriza situasaun ida ne’e no apoia komunidade hotu–hotu inklusivamente Sagadate iha sira nian esforsu atu proteje sira nian rai, kultura, no moris sustentavel iha sira nian komunidade.

09 July 2026

The 2027 State Budget: from expenditure to results, from dependency to economic sovereignty

 Liga ba artigu ida ne'e iha Tetum 

Each year, the Government of Timor-Leste prepares and submits the General State Budget (GSB) to the National Parliament, which discusses, alters if necessary and approves the budget law to guide public expenditure, intervene in the market and implement national development priorities. For the 2027 State Budget, this process is in the middle of the normal budget cycle, having done citizen consultation up to the Budget Day seminar; subsequent steps will be consolidation of sector proposals, approval by the Council of Ministers, technical revisions and submission to Parliament. At this stage, transparency and public participation, including the contribution of La'o Hamutuk, other civil society, the media and the general public, are essential to ensure that the annual budget and action plans represent the priorities and needs of the people and sustainability of the nation.

The GSB is not only a financial document to set state revenues and expenditure, but is a strategic tool to facilitate and guide the development direction, in the context of structural challenges such as dependence on the Petroleum Fund, high imports, limited economic productivity, high unemployment, child malnutrition (stunting), lack of quality of education, increased territorial inequality and climate change. Therefore, discussions about the GSB should not be limited to the amount of money or the execution rate but should also pay attention to the real results that budget policy can produce for people’s lives.

The theme of the 2027 Budget Day Workshop - Strengthening Resilience through transformation: Diversify the Economy, Ensure a Sustainable Future -- shows that the government, particularly the Ministry of Finance, recognizes the need for changes in the budget preparation and implementation processes. This is most important because, for many years, budget debate has usually focused on the volume of expenditure and budget execution, rather than on the effective impact on economic productivity, people's well-being and the sustainability of public finances. Therefore, the 2027 State Budget should show a change in the paradigm of a budget that is focused only on expenditure to a results-oriented budget.

The 2027 State Budget should be an opportunity to begin structural fiscal and economic transformation in Timor-Leste. The strategic question that needs to be discussed is "Will Timor-Leste continue to rely on the Petroleum Fund to sustain current expenditure or will it channel public resources to productive investment that can create jobs, strengthen human capital, increase national production and ensure benefits for future generations?" This question concerns the future of the national economic model, fiscal sovereignty and intergenerational responsibility.

The presentation by the Ministry of Finance in the budget process, including at the Budget Day seminar, shows some progress in the areas of health, infrastructure, electrification and institutional development. However, data also confirm that the national economy has not yet been transformed into economic sovereignty. The dependence on the Petroleum Fund continues to be high, imports continue to dominate national consumption, high unemployment, malnutrition and challenges in health and education continue, and the productive capacity of the country is not yet strong. This situation shows that the 2027 State Budget should start a journey in a new direction: from dependence to building capacity, from spending to production, from consumption of imports to economic sovereignty.

Therefore, budget priorities should pay attention to productive investment, economic diversification, fiscal sustainability, human capital strengthening and effective public participation. Since June 2025, Timor-Leste no longer receives petroleum revenues because production from the only active field (Bayu-Undan) is finished. The Petroleum Fund is a national asset; it can help Timor-Leste finance development over the years, but because this resource is unrenewable, its management must be based on accountability and intergenerational justice. Petroleum wealth should be converted into productive investments that can reduce dependence on oil and benefit future generations, not unsustainable levels of current expenditure.

The government and the public are worried about fiscal sustainability, which must not be resolved by cutting basic services for the people. The 2027 State Budget should prioritize efficiency in public spending, reducing non-productive expenditure and directing resources to health, education, nutrition, local production and job creation. The main objective is to use public resources responsibly and guarantee results that can benefit citizens over the long term. Therefore, the budget should be a tool not only to distribute money, but to make strategic investments to ensure the long-term needs and interests of all of our people.

Timor-Leste's economy continues to depend on imports and this increases vulnerability to global market changes caused by external shocks. Therefore, the 2027 State Budget should strengthen economic sovereignty through investing in sustainable agriculture, fisheries, livestock, forestry, cooperatives, local companies processing agricultural products. National development cannot be based solely on consumption from abroad; productive capacity must be created within the country. We must develop the capacity to produce the basic needs that our population needs for daily life.

In the areas of health and education, some progress is worth appreciating, but malnutrition and quality of learning continue to be a major challenges. Therefore, the 2027 State Budget should promote an integrated response among relevant ministries to strengthen nutrition, literacy, teacher training, clean water, sanitation and other basic services, especially outside Dili. Investment in human capital is key to ensuring inclusive and sustainable development, therefore, priority is not only to increase expenditure, but the quality of investment and lasting outcomes.

Youth is the most important strategic resource in Timor-Leste. Therefore, the 2027 State Budget should link education, technical training and productive jobs with agriculture, fisheries, tourism, digital technology and local businesses. Labor migration can benefit in the short term, but it cannot replace a national strategy to create opportunities within the country - it is necessary to invest in human capacity and develop strategic sectors to absorb human resources to build the development of the country's economy. If young people do not have skills and opportunities, the country will continue to lose the potential productive power to develop the country. Therefore, the budget should invest in capacity and competence to build a secure future.

Domestic revenue reform is also important to reduce dependence on the Petroleum Fund which will be empty in ten years, but fiscal reform must be based on social justice, transparency and protection of vulnerable people and households to ensure that fiscal pressure is no longer placed on poor people. A good tax system should expand the capacity of the state, but not increase inequality. From this point of view, revenue reform is not only viewed from the perspective of increasing revenue collection, but also for the fair distribution of accountability

Joining ASEAN and WTO and developing the blue economy should be accompanied by strengthening productive capacity, transparent governance and environmental protection. Timor-Leste should prepare itself to be a producer to replace imports and to export competitively, not just a market for imported products. This requires planning that connects the economic sector, infrastructure, education, innovation and environmental governance into an integrated strategy

In infrastructure, the priority is not only to build new projects, but to ensure the operation, maintenance, and usefulness of projects over the long term. Similarly, public debt management and public-private partnerships should be based on rigorous analysis, transparency and fiscal risk monitoring. A project that is not valuable to society cannot be considered a success, even if it is physically built. Infrastructure instruments should meet national needs and support long-term productivity. For example, contrast airports, container ports, and institutional buildings in Dili with rural roads, domestic maritime transport, and schools and health clinics in rural sucos.

The 2027 State Budget should also promote territorial justice through the allocation of resources in accordance with the needs and levels of municipal development. We appreciate the citizen consultation as well as the Government's efforts to decentralize, but need significant public participation, which will be valuable the Government publicly responds to the contribution of its citizens and integrates relevant priorities into the budget process. This process, not only administrative formality, should be a mechanism to strengthen transparency, and public consultation.

In order to prevent the capture of public resources by particular interests, the 2027 State Budget should strengthen public integrity, transparency and accountability. This requires transparent procurement, publication of contracts, independent audits, a serious environmental license process, value-for-money assessment and effective supervision by Parliament, the Court of Accounts, the Anti-Corruption Commission, the media, academics, civil society and the general public. Transparency is not an obstacle to the Government but rather a basis for strengthening public trust and ensuring that state money really serves the collective interests of the people of Timor-Leste.

Budget planning should be based on data and evidence. Data on health, education, poverty, employment and other indicators need to be current, accessible and available for public use. The Citizens’ Budget in Tetum can clearly increase fiscal literacy and promote informed public participation. Although some progress has been shown, we should continue to maintain, improve and promote all documents for Tetum. Well-informed citizens can responsibly monitor, criticize and contribute to the budget process.

The 2027 State Budget should prioritize strategic reforms, including strengthening public participation, leading to a budget with results for the people, promoting food sovereignty and local production, implementing revenue reforms and social justice, strengthening governance of public companies, transparently managing fiscal risks and ensuring sustainable investment in infrastructure and renewable energy. This priority is not only abstract but must be a real response to structural issues that keep Timor-Leste from building with justice and stability.

Therefore, the 2027 State Budget is an opportunity to change from a model that depends on the Petroleum Fund and large public spending to a model of development based on productivity, fiscal sustainability, social justice and national resilience. All of us, including leaders, should take and use this opportunity. The GSB should reflect investments in human capital, local production, environment, transparency and intergenerational justice, to ensure a sustainable future for Timor-Leste. If the 2027 State Budget guides this change, the budget rises from a mere government document to become a tool for national transformation.

We encourage readers to also read and obtain information from presentations in Tetum at official sessions on the topics discussed above:

We are available to have discussions and improve publications whenever needed.

Thank you very much.

08 July 2026

OJE 2027; husi despeza ba rezultadu, husi dependénsia ba soberania ekonómika

 Link to this article in English  

Kada tinan, Governu Timor-Leste prepara no submete Proposta Orsamentu Jerál Estadu (OJE) ba Parlamentu Nasionál, ne’ebé diskute, altera se nesesáriu no aprova sai lei orsamentál hodi orienta despeza públika, interven iha merkadu no implementa prioridade dezenvolvimentu nasionál. Ba OJE tinan 2027, prosesu ida ne’e tama ona iha faze klaran tuir síkulu orsamentál normál, ne’ebé la’o liu husi konsulta sidadaun, too iha semináriu Jornada Orsamentál, prosesu sira tuir mai mak sei iha konsolidasaun proposta sektorál sira, aprovasaun Konsellu Ministru, harmonizasaun téknika no submisaun finál ba Parlamentu. Iha etapa ida ne’e, transparénsia no partisipasaun públika, inklui kontribuisaun La’o Hamutuk, sosiedade sivíl seluk, média no públiku jerál, esensiál atu garante katak orsamentu no planu asaun anuál sira reprezenta duni prioridade, nesesidade povu nian no sustentabilidade ba nasaun.

OJE la’ós de’it dokumentu finanseiru atu determina reseita no despeza estadu, maibé nudár instrumentu estratéjiku ida atu fasilita no orienta diresaun dezenvolvimentu, iha kontestu dezafiu estruturál sira hanesan dependénsia ba Fundu Petrolíferu, importasaun aas, produtividade ekonómika limitadu, dezempregu aas, malnutrisaun ba labarik sira (Stunting), kualidade edukasaun menus, dezigualdade territoriál aumenta tan no mudansa klimátika. Nune’e, diskusaun kona-ba OJE la bele limita de’it ba montante osan ka taxa ezekusaun maibé tenke fó atensaun mós ba rezultadu reál ne’ebé polítika orsamentál bele prodús ba povu nian moris.

Tema semináriu Jornada Orsamentál 2027 — Hametin Reziliénsia liu husi Transformasaun: Diversifika Ekonomia, Asegura Futuru Sustentável — hatudu katak Governu, liu-liu Ministériu Finansa rekoñese nesesidade atu iha mudansa ba prosesu prepara no implementa orsamentu. Ida ne’e importante liu tanba tinan barak liu ba, debate orsamentál dala barak foku liu ba volume despeza no ezekusaun orsamentál, duké ba impaktu efetivu iha produtividade ekonómika, povu nian moris di’ak no sustentabilidade finansa públika. Tanba ne’e, OJE 2027 tenke hatudu mudansa paradigma husi orsamentu ne’ebé orienta de’it ba gastu ba orsamentu ne’ebé orienta ba rezultadu.

OJE 2027 tenke sai oportunidade atu hahú transformasaun estruturál fiskál no ekonomia ba Timor-Leste. Pergunta estratéjika ne’ebé presiza diskute mak, Timor-Leste sei kontinua depende ba Fundu Petrolíferu hodi sustenta despeza korrente ka sei orienta rekursu públiku ba investimentu produtivu ne’ebé bele kria empregu, hametin kapitál umanu, aumenta produsaun nasionál no asegura benefísiu ba jerasaun sira tuir mai? Pergunta ida ne’e kona-ba futuru modelu ekonomia nasionál, soberania fiskál no responsabilidade interjerasionál.

Aprezentasaun husi Ministériu Finansa iha prosesu orsamentál inklui iha Jornada Orsamentál, hatudu progresu balun iha área saúde, infraestrutura, eletrifikasaun no dezenvolvimentu institusionál. Maibé, dadus sira mós konfirma katak ekonomia nasionál seidauk transforma ba iha soberania ekonómiku. Dependénsia ba Fundu Petrolíferu kontinua aas, importasaun nafatin domina konsumu nasionál, dezempregu aas, malnutrisaun no dezafiu iha saúde no edukasaun kontinua eziste no kapasidade produtiva nasaun nian seidauk forte. Situasaun ida ne’e hatudu katak OJE 2027 tenke hahú viajen ba orientasaun foun: husi dependénsia ba kria kapasidade, husi gastu ba produsaun, husi konsumsaun importadu ba soberania ekonómika.

Tanba ne’e, prioridade orsamentál tenke fó atensaun ba investimentu produtivu, diversifikasaun ekonómika, sustentabilidade fiskál, fortalesimentu kapitál umanu no partisipasaun públika ne’ebé efetiva. Dezde fulan juñu 2025 Timor-Leste la simu ona reseita petrolíferu tanba produsaun iha kampu ativu úniku Bayu Undan taka ona, Fundu Petrolíferu hanesan patrimóniu nasionál, bele ajuda Timor-Leste finansia dezenvolvimentu durante tinan barak, maibé tanba rekursu ida ne’e la-renovavel, ninian jestaun tenke bazeia ba responsabilidade no justisa interjerasionál. Rikeza petrolífera tenke transforma ba investimentu produtivu ne’ebé bele hamenus dependénsia ba mina no fó benefísiu ba jerasaun sira tuir mai, la’ós ba despeza korrente ne’ebé la sustentável.

Governu no públiku preokupa sustentabilidade fiskál, ida ne’e labele justifika atu hamenus servisu báziku ba povu. OJE 2027 tenke fó prioridade ba efisiénsia iha uza osan públiku, redusaun despeza la produtiva no orientasaun rekursu ba saúde, edukasaun, nutrisaun, produsaun lokál no kria empregu. Objetivu prinsipál atu uza rekursu públiku ho responsabilidade no garante rezultadu ne’ebé bele benefisia sidadaun sira iha longu prazu. Nune’e, orsamentu tenke sai instrumentu ida ne’ebé la’ós de’it atu fahe osan, maibé atu halo investimentu estratéjiku hodi asegura povu tomak nian nesesidade no interese tempu naruk.

Timor-Leste nian ekonomia kontinua depende importasaun no ida ne’e aumenta vulnerabilidade ba mudansa merkadu globál (xoke esternu). Tanba ne’e, OJE 2027 tenke hametin soberania ekonómika liu husi investimentu ba agrikultura sustentavel, peska, setór mariña, pekuária, floresta, kooperativa, empreza lokál no indústria transformadór prosesamentu produtu agríkola oin-oin. Dezenvolvimentu nasionál la bele bazeia de’it ba konsumsaun husi li’ur; tenke kria kapasidade produtiva iha laran rai. Ita tenke dezenvolve kapasidade atu prodús nesesidade báziku ne’ebé populasaun presiza ba moris bain-bain.

Iha área saúde no edukasaun, rejistu progresu balun ne’ebé merese apresiasaun, maibé malnutrisaun no kualidade aprendizajen kontinua sai dezafiu boot. Tanba ne’e, OJE 2027 tenke promove resposta integrada entre ministériu relevante sira atu hametin nutrisaun, literasia, formasaun profesór, bee moos, saneamentu no servisu báziku sira seluk liu liu iha li’ur husi Dili. Investimentu iha kapitál umanu mak baze importante atu asegura dezenvolvimentu inkluzivu no sustentável, nune’e, prioridade la’ós de’it aumentu despeza, maibé ba kualidade investimentu no rezultadu ne’ebé permanente.

Juventude mak rekursu estratéjiku importante liu iha Timor-Leste. Tanba ne’e, OJE 2027 tenke liga edukasaun, formasaun téknika no empregu produtivu ho agrikultura, peska, turizmu, teknolojia dijitál no empreza lokál. Migrasaun traballu bele fó benefísiu iha kurtu prazu, maibé la bele substitui estratéjia nasionál atu kria oportunidade iha rai laran – presiza investe ba kapasidade umanu no dezenvolve setór estratéjiku sira hodi absorve rekursu umanu hodi konstrui dezenvolvimentu ekonomia rai laran. Se joven sira la hetan abilidade no oportunidade, nasaun sei kontinua lakon poténsia forsa produtivu importante atu dezenvolve nasaun. Nune’e, orsamentu tenke investe iha kapasidade, kompeténsia no harii futuru ne’ebé seguru.

Reforma reseita doméstika mós importante atu hamenus dependénsia ba Fundu Petrolíferu ne’ebé sei hotu iha tinan sanulu, maibé reforma tributária tenke bazeia ba justisa sosiál, transparénsia no protesaun ba povu no uma kain vulneravel sira atu garante katak presaun fiskál la hatodan liu tan ba povu kiak sira. Sistema fiskál ne’ebé di’ak tenke haluan kapasidade estadu nian, maibé la bele aumenta dezigualdade. Husi ida ne’e, reforma reseita la haree de’it husi perspetiva aumenta kolesaun reseita, maibé mós ba distribui responsabilidade ho justisa.

Adezaun ba ASEAN, WTO no dezenvolvimentu ekonomia azúl tenke akompaña ho fortalesimentu kapasidade produtiva, governasaun transparente no protesaun ambientál. Timor-Leste tenke prepara an atu sai produtór hodi substitui importasaun no esportadór kompetitivu, la’ós merkadu ba produtu importadu de’it. Ne’e presiza planeamentu ne’ebé liga setór ekonomia, infraestrutura, edukasaun, inovasaun no governasaun ambientál iha estratéjia ida ne’ebé integradu.

Iha infraestrutura, prioridade la’ós de’it harii projetu foun, maibé asegura operasaun, manutensaun, utilidade husi projetu no sustentabilidade tempu naruk. Hanesan ne’e mós, jestaun dívida públika no parseria públiku privada tenke bazeia ba análize rigorozu, transparénsia no monitorizasaun risku fiskál. Projetu ne’ebé la iha valór di’ak ba sosiedade la bele konsidera hanesan susesu ida, mezmu se fizikamente harii ona. Instrumentu infrastrutura sira tenke responde ba nesesidade nasionál no suporta produtividade iha tempu naruk, Nudár ezemplu aeroportu no estrada rurál, portu konteiner no transporte maritima doméstika, edifísiu instituisaun iha Dili no eskola no klínika saúde iha suku rurál.

OJE 2027 mós tenke promove justisa territoriál liu husi alokasaun rekursu tuir nesesidade no nivel dezenvolvimentu munisípiu sira. Apresia konsulta sidadania no mós esforsu Governu nian ba desentralizasaun maibé presiza iha partisipasaun públika signifikativu, sei iha valór bainhira Governu publika resposta ba kontribuisaun sidadaun sira nian no integra prioridade relevante iha prosesu orsamentál. Prosesu ida ne’e, la’ós formalidade administrativu de’it maibé tenke sai mekanizmu ida atu hametin transparénsia, konsultasaun publika.

Hodi prevene kaptura interese partikulár iha alokasaun rekursu públiku, OJE 2027 tenke hametin integridade, transparénsia no responsabilidade publika. Ida ne’e presiza aprovizionamentu transparente, publikasaun kontratu sira, auditoria independente, prosesu lisensa ambientál sériu, avaliasaun valór husi osan no fiskalizasaun efetiva husi Parlamentu, Tribunal Konta, Komisaun Anti Korrupsaun, média, akadémiku, sosiedade sivíl no públiku jerál. Transparénsia la’ós obstákulu ba Governu maibé sai baze atu hametin konfiansa públika no asegura katak osan estadu serve duni interesse koletivu povu Timor-Leste.

Planeamentu orsamentál tenke bazeia ba dadus no evidénsia, dadus kona-ba saúde, edukasaun, pobreza, empregu no indikadór sira seluk presiza atualizadu, asesivel no bele uza husi públiku. Nune’e, Orsamentu Sidadaun iha Tetum ne’ebé klaru bele aumenta literasia fiskál no promove partisipasaun públika ne’ebé informadu, maske iha ona progresu balun hanesan hatudu iha; Iha ona, bele kontinua mantén, hadi’a liu tan no promove dokumentu hotu ba iha Tetum. Sidadaun ne’ebé hetan informasaun di’ak bele monitoriza, kritika no kontribui ho responsabilidade ba prosesu orsamentál.

OJE 2027 tenke fó prioridade ba reforma estratéjika, inklui fortaleza partisipasaun públika, orienta orsamentu ba rezultadu ba povu, promove soberania alimentár no produsaun lokál, implementa reforma reseita ho justisa sosiál, hametin governasaun empreza públika sira, jere risku fiskál ho transparénsia no asegura investimentu sustentável iha infraestrutura no enerjia renovavel. Prioridade ida ne’e la’ós abstrata de’it maibé tenke resposta reál ba asuntu estruturál sira ne’ebé impede Timor-Leste atu harii ho justisa no estabilidade.

Tanba ne’e, OJE 2027 mak oportunidade atu muda husi modelu ne’ebé depende ba Fundu Petrolíferu no despeza públika boot ba modelu dezenvolvimentu ne’ebé bazeia ba produtividade, sustentabilidade fiskál, justisa sosiál no reziliénsia nasionál. Ita hotu, inklui lider sira, tenke kaer no uza oportunidade ida ne’e. OJE tenke reflete investimentu iha kapitál umanu, produsaun lokál, ambiente, transparénsia no justisa interjerasionál, hodi garante futuru sustentável ba Timor-Leste. Se OJE 2027 bele orienta mudansa ida ne’e, mak orsamentu la bele sai de’it dokumentu governativu maibé bele sai instrumentu transformasaun nasionál. 

Ami enkoraja atu leitór sira mós bele lee no hetan informasaun sira husi ligasaun ofisiál ne’ebé aprezenta iha sesaun ofisiál sira kona-ba tópiku sira diskute iha leten, bele loke ligasaun sira no halo leitura;

Ami disponivel atu iha diskusaun no hadi'a publikasaun sira bainhira iha nesesidade.

Obrigadu barak.